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Roman Numeral Converter

Convert numbers to Roman numerals and back instantly. Supports 1 to 3,999.

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Roman Numeral Converter

Convert numbers to Roman numerals and back instantly. Supports 1 to 3,999.

🔢Number → Roman Numeral

🔤Roman Numeral → Number

📋Roman Numeral Reference Table

I
1
V
5
X
10
L
50
C
100
D
500
M
1,000

Click a symbol to convert that value

📖How to Read Roman Numerals

Additive Notation

When a smaller or equal symbol follows a larger one, add the values together.

VIII= 5 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 8
XVI= 10 + 5 + 1 = 16
LXXX= 50 + 10 + 10 + 10 = 80

Subtractive Notation

When a smaller symbol precedes a larger one, subtract the smaller from the larger.

IV= 5 − 1 = 4
IX= 10 − 1 = 9
XL= 50 − 10 = 40
XC= 100 − 10 = 90
CD= 500 − 100 = 400
CM= 1000 − 100 = 900

The Rules

  • 1.Symbols I, X, C, and M can be repeated up to 3 times in a row.
  • 2.Symbols V, L, and D are never repeated.
  • 3.Only I, X, and C can be subtracted (placed before a larger symbol).
  • 4.I can only precede V (5) and X (10).
  • 5.X can only precede L (50) and C (100).
  • 6.C can only precede D (500) and M (1000).

Reading a Complex Number

MCMXCIX= 1,999
M= 1,000
CM= 900 (1000 − 100)
XC= 90 (100 − 10)
IX= 9 (10 − 1)
Total1,999

📅Year Converter — Quick Examples

Click any example to load it into the converter

🎉Fun Facts About Roman Numerals

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Roman numerals were used throughout Europe well into the Middle Ages, and are still used today for clock faces, book chapters, and Super Bowl numbering.

0️⃣

Romans had no symbol for zero! The concept of zero as a number was developed in India and later brought to Europe by Arab mathematicians.

📅

The year 2024 is MMXXIV. The longest year in Roman numerals from 1–3999 is 3888 (MMMDCCCLXXXVIII — 15 characters).

🎬

Hollywood uses Roman numerals in movie sequel titles (Rocky II, Star Wars Episode IV) and copyright years at the end of credits.

🏆

Super Bowl numbers are always in Roman numerals. Super Bowl LVIII (58) was played in 2024.

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